Peter JangFollow
Dean of Instruction @Actualize. Podcast junkie. Karaoke beast.
Oct 5, 2017
Vim with custom color scheme, syntax highlighting, linting, and autocomplete Vim is a command line text editor that is notorious for being hard to learn (the running joke is to generate a truly random string, put a web developer in front of Vim and tell them to exit). So why bother learning it, especially if youâre already comfortable with your text editor or IDE? Some benefits to learning Vim include:
I put a question mark on that last one about making you more efficientâââitâs an argument youâll hear often, but Iâm not sure itâs true for everyone. Basically, in order to be efficient with Vim, you have to invest a lot of time into not just learning it, but mastering it. Which means the time you save using it is offset by the time you invest mastering it, and you are always investing time mastering it. I would say the best reason to learn Vim is because you enjoy spending time learning and mastering a complex skill. In this way itâs not that different from why someone would want to learn a new musical instrument!
If these ideas sound appealing to you, then you can follow the four week plan outlined below to help you learn Vim. This is how I learned Vim, which was based upon the advice that Iâve come across repeatedly in forums and tutorials. Iâve also added some of my own tips that helped me out along the way.
Many people agree that the best way to learn the basics of vim is to simply type this command in your terminal:
$ vimtutorThis will open up a text file in Vim with step-by-step instructions that cover essential Vim commands. It should take you 30 minutes or so to get through the whole thing. If you know the commands covered in vimututor, youâre pretty much ready to start being productive in Vim.
The problem is that there are a lot of commands covered in vimtutorâââthere is no way you can learn them all from one sitting! My recommendation is to practice deliberately by doing vimtutor once a day for at least one week straight. Each time you do it, see if your time improves. Set a goal for yourselfâââsee if you can get through the whole thing in 5 minutes. The point isnât to memorize every single commandâââthe point is to practice enough times until the basic navigation and editing commands are second nature.
If your goal is to know enough Vim to be able to edit files remotely on a server, you can stop hereâââyou already know enough to be dangerous! If you want to use Vim as your editor of choice, you can continue to the next step.
Now that youâre comfortable navigating and editing in Vim, youâll want to configure it to work with your personal workflow. Vim has a pretty bland and outdated default configuration, but itâs easy enough to customize it with modern features using a vimrc configuration file. The key is to not go crazy with plugins to try to make Vim into a full blown IDEâââVim is great at being Vim and bad at being an IDE.
Instead, follow this article to build your own vimrc file. As a starting point, these are the only things I would configure:
vim-code-dark, based on Visual Studio Code)Honestly, thatâs it! (The only exception to the no plugins rule is if you need to install language specific support for any languages that Vim doesnât support out of the box). The goal is to avoid any additional configuration or fancy plugins for a weekâââthis may feel painful, but it will prevent you from spending all your time configuring Vim and none of your time practicing Vim.
Pro tip: when youâre configuring vim, use aÂ
.vimfolder in your home directory with the following directory structure below (read more details here). Newer versions of Vim will look for thevimrcfile in theÂ.vimfolder, so you can keep everything in a single folder. This allows you to make yourÂ.vimfolder a single git repo that you can easily clone onto any computer!
{#2377 .graf .graf--pre .graf-after--blockquote name="2377"} .vim/ âââ colors/ <- directory for color schemes âââ plugin/ <- directory for standard plugins âââ vimrc <- file with main config
After you have used Vim for real projects, youâll have a better sense of what Vim is capable of, and youâll probably be itching to customize it even further. However, you should still avoid installing plugins that fundamentally change how Vim works. This is a list of popular types of plugins that I recommend you still avoid right now:
:find with with subfolder searching works well instead):b <TAB> works well here)<CTRL n>)/ search with n and . repeated as needed)The general theme here is that plugins are often a crutch that prevents you from learning Vimâs actual capabilities. All of the above types of plugins are great and may save you time, but you should only install them if you fully understand how to accomplish the same task using âvanillaâ Vim.
That being said, there are a few plugins that donât change Vimâs core behaviors that can make life more convenient. Here are some plugins I use that fall into that category:
end after if, do, def, etc.)At this point you should know Vim well enough to focus on composing new commands instead of memorizing new ones. To compose new commands, it helps to think of Vim as a language. Chris Toomeyâs Mastering the Vim Language talk is worth watching in its entirety to see how powerful this concept is:
In a nutshell, you need to know some verbs and nouns:
Then you can compose verbs and nouns to create any number of commands:
The talk points out that memorizing about 30 commands gives you the ability to compose over 2,000 distinct commands. Note that Iâm putting this in week 4âââthis stuff is very empowering, but only once you have a good general grasp of Vim. After 3 weeks you should have a pretty handle on the 30 commands necessary to achieve this level of wizardry!
The talk also mentions installing plugins to add more to the Vim language. As always, you should exercise caution when installing plugins. But in this case, weâre talking about plugins that add to Vim as a language (as opposed to plugins that contradict Vimâs core behaviors). Some plugins worth looking at:
(All the above plugins are by Tim Pope, a name youâll definitely run across on your journey to mastering Vim).
Pro tip: In the talk they go over using relative line numbers, which I actually donât recommend. A lot of people were big fans when it was first introduced, but Iâve also heard of people having issues with it after a while (harder to read code, sometimes causes performance issues). I personally donât see the use for it since you can accomplish the same thing (moving or deleting to a specific line) just as easily using regular Vim commands G or gg (see here ).
Learning Vim is a lot of work but can also be a lot of fun. If you recoil at the idea of spending a month to learn a text editor, this may not be for you. However, I do think most developers would benefit from following the advice in week 1 to at least get the superpower of being able to edit files directly on a server. Youâll be able to do amazing things like truly write code on an iPad or Chromebook using a VPS. At the minimum, you wonât look silly getting stuck in Vim when it randomly opens in your terminal!
If you do spend the time to go through all 4 weeks, then you can take your programmer editing game to a whole other level. I honestly donât know if it will make you more efficient (since youâll probably spend the time that you saved writing code on learning more cool tricks and trying new configurations). Again, itâs more like learning a musical instrumentâââdepending on your personality, you can get a real kick out of the process of continually mastering Vim. Hope you find these tips useful on your journey!